Radiation-induced Chondrosarcoma of the Bladder. Case Report and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND Chondrosarcoma of the bladder is an extremely rare disease. Only five previously described cases are known in the medical literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present a chondrosarcoma developed 19 years after radiation treatment in a 73-year-old patient. A literature search of articles published from 1984 to 2014 was performed. RESULTS This is the first reported case of post-radiation bladder chondrosarcoma. We compared the clinicopathological features of the previously reported cases and reviewed the medical literature of the bladder sarcomas and post-radiation sarcomas. CONCLUSION The primary treatment for bladder mesenchymal neoplasms is surgical, preferably radical cystectomy with or without chemotherapy. Positive surgical margin is one of the most important factors negatively affecting disease-specific, recurrence-free and overall survival rates.